Japanese Astronaut Koichi Wakata Joins Axiom Space

Axiom Space welcomes recently retired Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Koichi Wakata as a newly appointed Astronaut and Chief Technical Officer for the Asia-Pacific region. Wakata, a veteran astronaut with decades of human spaceflight experience, will lead the expansion of Axiom Space's business and strategic presence in the Asia-Pacific region and contribute to the advancement of Axiom Station, the world’s first commercial space station.

"Koichi is a recognized leader in the global space community and a true pioneer of space exploration,” said Axiom Space Chief Astronaut Michael López-Alegría. “We’re honored and excited to have him join the team as a future commander of private astronaut missions, as well as a technical expert and leader, advancing commercial space development and promoting global partnership. I believe his incredible journey will be a source of inspiration for generations to come.”

Wakata contributed to the construction of the International Space Station (ISS) and the Japanese Experiment Module "Kibo.” He was the first astronaut to serve as JAXA’s ISS Program Manager and Vice President for Human Space Technology. He officially retired from JAXA on March 31, 2024, finishing out his career in the space agency as senior management for the ISS and lunar exploration programs.

Wakata’s astronaut career includes five missions, more than any Japanese astronaut, logging 504 days in space on four different spacecraft (Space Shuttle; Soyuz; SpaceX Crew Dragon; the ISS). His ISS space assignments include three long-duration missions, serving as the first Japanese ISS Commander, two spacewalks for a total of 14 hours and two minutes, and operations of four robotic systems.

Wakata holds a Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering, a Master of Science in Applied Mechanics and a Bachelor of Science in Aeronautical Engineering from Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

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ABOUT AXIOM SPACE

Axiom Space is building for beyond, guided by the vision of a thriving home in space that benefits every human, everywhere. The leading provider of human spaceflight services and developer of human-rated space infrastructure, Axiom Space operates end-to-end missions to the International Space Station today while developing its successor, Axiom Station – the world’s first commercial space station in low-Earth orbit, which will sustain human growth off the planet and bring untold benefits back home. For more information about Axiom Space, visit www.axiomspace.com.

Axiom Space Teams with Astrolab to Advance Lunar Exploration

 Astronauts will use specialized tools to collect lunar samples, and FLEX rover will be equipped with storage containers to effectively transport the lunar samples while working on the lunar surface. (Courtesy of Axiom Space)

Astrolab, together with teammates Axiom Space and Odyssey Space Research, were awarded a NASA contract to advance the development of a Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) to enable Artemis astronauts to explore more of the Moon’s surface on future missions. The Astrolab team is one of three teams to win contract awards. Astrolab’s contract is worth up to $1.9 billion. Collectively, the three contract winners may be awarded task orders over the next 13 years with a total potential value of $4.6 billion. The contracts allow for two additional years for the completion of the services.

Axiom Space and Astrolab engineers will ensure the integration of the Axiom Extravehicular Mobility Unit (AxEMU) with the FLEX rover to support unprecedented scientific experimentation and discovery on the lunar surface.

“We are excited to work with Astrolab on its Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV), which aims to transform how humans explore the Moon," said Russell Ralston, vice president of Extravehicular Activity (EVA), Axiom Space. “Leveraging our expertise in EVA, Axiom Space is leading the way in designing EVA centric components of the rover, such as vehicle interfaces for both crew and spacesuits, and containers/attachments to carry EVA tools. This collaboration with Astrolab not only showcases our EVA expertise, but also underscores Axiom Space’s commitment to driving advancements in lunar exploration.”

Artemis astronauts wearing an AxEMU spacesuit will have greater mobility while navigating lunar operations aboard Astrolab’s FLEX rover. Astronauts will be able to sit, stand and drive the FLEX rover to effectively conduct science research on the lunar surface. (Courtesy of Axiom Space)

The rover and AxEMU spacesuit will enable two astronauts to work effectively collecting lunar soil samples and conducting geological surveys on the lunar surface, helping to grow our understanding of the Moon and build a long-term human presence. Future testing and training will ensure the Astrolab FLEX rover and AxEMU spacesuit integrate safely and effectively together.

In 2022, Axiom Space was awarded a NASA contract to build the space agency’s next-generation spacesuits that will be used for Artemis III lunar missions. The new spacesuit will provide astronauts with advanced capabilities for space exploration, while offering NASA affordable, commercially developed human systems needed to access, live, and work on and around the Moon. Evolving NASA’s Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU) spacesuit design, the AxEMU is built to provide increased mobility and greater protection to withstand the harsh environment of the lunar south pole. The single architecture spacesuit will also integrate with specialized tools developed by Axiom Space for exploration and scientific opportunities.

The Axiom Space team continues progress on the AxEMU spacesuit. Stay tuned to axiomspace.com/axiom-suit for more updates.

This partnership with Axiom Space and Astrolab ensures that crewed operations for the AxEMU spacesuit will rise to the challenges of lunar operations. (Courtesy of Axiom Space)

Industry Executive Allen Flynt Joins Axiom Space as Chief Officer, Mission Services

Houston-based company Axiom Space announces that Allen Flynt has joined the Axiom Space executive team as chief officer, mission services, a new organization that will encompass mission integration and operations.

Flynt brings an impressive history to Axiom Space. Most recently, he served as senior vice president of growth for civil and commercial space at Redwire, playing a pivotal role in shaping the future of space technology. Prior to that, Flynt held the position of vice president and general manager at Collins Aerospace, where he led a strategic growth initiative that nearly doubled the business’ revenue from $250 million to $500 million. His leadership extended to managing a robust human spaceflight mission portfolio, including critical programs such as the International Space Station (ISS), NASA’s Orion spacecraft, and Boeing’s Starliner.

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"We are excited to have Allen Flynt join our executive team," said Michael Suffredini, CEO of Axiom Space. "His decades of experience in the space industry will be a tremendous asset as we expand our global reach and bring more users to space. We eagerly anticipate Allen’s contributions in our pursuit of a thriving economy in low-Earth orbit.”

Beyond his commercial endeavors, Flynt had a remarkable 21-year career at NASA. His tenure included senior roles such as director of mission operations at Johnson Space Center, deputy center director at Ames Research Center, and director of the EVA (extravehicular activity) office. His contributions earned him both the Outstanding Leadership and Exceptional Achievement medals.

“It is an honor to join Axiom Space and contribute to this new chapter in commercial space exploration,” said Flynt. “In this transformative era, where access to space is expanding, our mission resonates with the aspirations of those eager to explore and realize the endless possibilities in microgravity. As I step into my new role, I am poised to champion and empower the visionary ideas and goals of nations and individuals around the world who look to venture beyond the confines of our planet.”

Flynt will lead Axiom Space’s human spaceflight operations as the company prepares for the launch and integration of its privately developed modules to the  ISS. His depth of knowledge will be particularly valuable as the company readies to operate Axiom Station, the world’s first commercial space station.

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ABOUT AXIOM SPACE

Axiom Space is building for beyond, guided by the vision of a thriving home in space that benefits every human, everywhere. The leading provider of human spaceflight services and developer of human-rated space infrastructure, Axiom Space operates end-to-end missions to the International Space Station today while developing its successor, Axiom Station – the world’s first commercial space station in low-Earth orbit, which will sustain human growth off the planet and bring untold benefits back home. For more information about Axiom Space, visit www.axiomspace.com.

Axiom Space Partners with Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine on National Science Foundation Regional Innovation Engines

Axiom Space has partnered with the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, recipient of an inaugural U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Engines grant. The NSF Engines grant allows user-inspired technical challenges to be addressed in collaboration with partnered institutions, including Axiom Space, through Innovation, Translation, and Education Cores (ITECs), each focused on a broad area of unmet need.

The ITECs will focus on Development and Manufacturing, Biomaterials, Cell Biology, In-Space Manufacturing, and Workforce Development and will be located with Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM), North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (N.C. A&T), Winston-Salem State University (WSSU), the RegenMed Development Organization (ReMDO), and Forsyth Technical Community College (FTCC), respectively. In partnership with Axiom Space the In-Space ITEC will explore a new frontier for tissue and organ regeneration in microgravity, adding significant forward-thinking engagement and workforce development through the In-Space ITEC.

“This partnership with Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, a globally recognized leader in tissue engineering, to leverage the benefits of microgravity provides an opportunity for breakthrough discoveries benefiting all of humanity,” said Jana Stoudemire, Director of In-Space Manufacturing, Axiom Space. “This NSF Engines grant further expands our existing NASA InSpace Production Applications (InSPA) collaboration and presence in the RegMed Hub. We are thrilled to work together with the WFIRM and ReMDO teams to elevate and transform the Winston-Salem region into a world-leading hub of innovation for regenerative medicine and in-space biomanufacturing.”  

“We are excited to work with Axiom Space in the formation of a regenerative medicine engine that provides access to Axiom Station, the world’s first commercial space station and successor to the International Space Station,” said Dr. Anthony Atala, Director of WFIRM. “Our partnership with Axiom Space is centered on the development of use inspired products, training and commercialization, thereby expanding job opportunities and economic development to our region that will support a future robust commercial space economy in low-Earth orbit.”

NSF Engines award provides $15 million for the first 2 years and up to $160 million for 10 years. “The inaugural NSF Engines awards demonstrate our enduring commitment to create opportunity everywhere and enable innovation anywhere,” said NSF Director Sethuraman Panchanathan. “Through these NSF Engines, NSF aims to expand the frontiers of technology and innovation and spur economic growth across the nation through unprecedented investments in people and partnerships. NSF Engines hold significant promise to elevate and transform entire geographic regions into world-leading hubs of innovation.”

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ABOUT WAKE FOREST INSTITUTE FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

The Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine is recognized as an international leader in translating scientific discovery into clinical therapies, with many world firsts, including the development and implantation of the first engineered organ in a patient. Over 500 people at the institute, the largest in the world, work on more than 40 different tissues and organs. A number of the basic principles of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were first developed at the institute. WFIRM researchers have successfully engineered replacement tissues and organs in all four categories – flat structures, tubular tissues, hollow organs and solid organs – and 16 different applications of cell/tissue therapy technologies, such as skin, urethras, cartilage, bladders, muscle, kidney, and vaginal organs, have been successfully used in human patients. The institute, which is part of Wake Forest University School of Medicine, is located in the Innovation Quarter in downtown Winston-Salem, NC, and is driven by the urgent needs of patients. The institute is making a global difference in regenerative medicine through collaborations with over 500 entities and institutions worldwide, through its government, academic and industry partnerships, its start-up entities, and through major initiatives in breakthrough technologies, such as tissue engineering, cell therapies, diagnostics, drug discovery, biomanufacturing, nanotechnology, gene editing and 3D printing.

ABOUT AXIOM SPACE

Axiom Space is building for beyond, guided by the vision of a thriving home in space that benefits every human, everywhere. The leading provider of human spaceflight services and developer of human-rated space infrastructure, Axiom Space operates end-to-end missions to the International Space Station today while developing its successor, Axiom Station – the world’s first commercial space station in low-Earth orbit, which will sustain human growth off the planet and bring untold benefits back home. For more information about Axiom Space, visit www.axiomspace.com.  

18 Things to Know About Axiom Mission 3

18 highlights from an 18-day mission on the International Space Station  

1. The Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) crew spent 18 days, about 435 hours, aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and orbited Earth approximately 346 times, covering about 9.1 million miles.

Ax-3 Commander Michael López-Alegría, Pilot Walter Villadei, Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı, and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt, embarked on their awe-inspiring journey to the orbiting laboratory at 4:49 p.m. ET on Jan. 18. They flew to space aboard a SpaceX Dragon, launched by a Falcon 9 rocket from NASA’s Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

After approximately 36-hours of spaceflight, the Dragon spacecraft and Ax-3 crew docked with the International Space Station at 5:42 a.m. ET on Jan. 20, while soaring over the Pacific Ocean.

Eighteen days later, the crew undocked from the ISS at 9:20 a.m. ET on Feb. 7 to begin their homeward journey, carrying with them a lifetime of unforgettable memories and invaluable scientific data.

The Ax-3 crew aboard SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft soars over the Pacific Ocean, prior to docking with the ISS on Jan. 20.

2. Longest Axiom Space private astronaut mission

The Ax-3 mission holds the record as the longest Axiom Space Private Astronaut Mission (PAM) to the ISS. With 18 days docked to the station and a spaceflight duration of nearly 22 days. Axiom Mission 1 (Ax-1) concluded after 17 days.

These commercial missions are building the human experience, paving the way for future human spaceflight activities in low-Earth orbit (LEO).

The Ax-3 crew bonds over the views of our home planet from the cupola.

3. Ax-3 was the first all-European commercial astronaut mission to the space station

In a historic venture, three countries – Italy, Türkiye, and Sweden through the European Space Agency (ESA) – united for Ax-3, with Axiom Space’s Chief Astronaut and Commander Michael López-Alegría leading the commercial mission, representing both the U.S. and Spain as a dual-citizen. The Ax-3 pilot was Italian Air Force Col. Walter Villadei, and the two mission specialists were Alper Gezeravcı of Türkiye and ESA project astronaut Marcus Wandt of Sweden. This all-European commercial astronaut mission showcased an unprecedented level of collaboration. As we unite to explore, we also celebrate the power of bridging cultural divides to advance human knowledge and prosperity.

Ax-3 astronauts proudly represent their country’s flags while aboard the Space Station.

4. Ax-3 was the first commercial spaceflight mission made up of government and ESA-sponsored national astronauts

Ax-3 Pilot Walter Villadei and Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı were both government-sponsored astronauts with Villadei representing the Italian Air Force and Gezeravcı representing Türkiye. Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt represented Sweden as an ESA-sponsored project astronaut. Together, they proved that space knows no boundaries — where nations converge and unite to explore.

Ax-3 represents a ground-breaking venture that provides new pathways to access to the orbiting laboratory and perform microgravity research, technology demonstrations, and outreach activities.

The Ax-3 crew shares a moment of camaraderie during their historic mission.

5. Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt blazed a trail as ESA’s first project astronaut  

ESA partnered with Axiom Space to send its first project astronaut to space, Marcus Wandt of Sweden. ESA’s project astronaut concept was introduced during its astronaut selection in 2022.

Project astronauts are hired as ESA staff on a fixed-term contract and have posts that are linked to a specific flight or project. These assignments can include missions of opportunity where ESA or its Member States want to send a European to space. The length of a project astronaut’s contract is directly connected to the duration of their mission.

Ax-3 Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt is seen with the Swedish flag high above Earth.

6. First Turkish astronaut went to space 

For Türkiye, Ax-3 represents a beacon of national pride as Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı etched his name in history as the first-ever Turkish astronaut. Türkiye sent the first Turkish astronaut to space as part of a larger effort to expand the country’s space exploration capabilities and establish a national human spaceflight program. As a fighter pilot with the Turkish Air Force, Gezeravcı has 15 years of flying experience on multiple aircraft and served as a captain with the Turkish Airlines for seven years. Through this mission, Gezeravcı inspired generations and fueled Türkiye’s pursuits in human spaceflight and microgravity research.

Ax-3 Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı displays the Turkish flag in the cupola to celebrate the nation’s historic mission.

7. Italy establishes role in the new era of commercial spaceflight

Italy’s involvement in Ax-3 has not only fortified its rich legacy in space exploration but also paved the way for groundbreaking scientific and technological advancements. This whole-of-country endeavor, led by the Italian Air Force, and supported by governments, institutions, and industries, is fueling Italy’s willingness to strengthen its role as a player in the burgeoning space economy.

Ax-3 provided Italy with a platform to seize opportunities presented by the commercial space industry. This has enabled Italy to accomplish significant goals in research and innovation, while continuing promoting the nation’s commitment towards safe and effective access to space.

Ax-3 Pilot Walter Villadei poses in front of the Italian flag as the country’s eighth astronaut to orbit Earth.

8. Ax-3 commander becomes the first astronaut to fly in SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft for a second time

Michael López-Alegría commanded Axiom Space’s first private astronaut mission to the ISS and Ax-3 marked his second flight aboard a SpaceX Dragon, making him the first astronaut to have this unique distinction.

Ax-3 Commander Michael López-Alegría shows excitement as the first SpaceX Dragon spacecraft “frequent flyer.”

9. Ax-3 astronauts performed 54 different experiments

The Ax-3 crewmembers performed scientific experiments and demonstrations in LEO that were of high national importance. During the mission, they successfully completed a total of 54 research activities — to include 39 conducted aboard the space station — focusing on life, physical and Earth science, human research, and technology demonstrations.

Axiom Space partnered with many scientific organizations to continue understanding the effects of spaceflight on the human body, as well as explore opportunities of applied research in space to benefit health and medical treatments on Earth.

ESA’s first project astronaut, Ax-3 Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt, completes 80 hours of microgravity research and technology demonstrations during the mission.

10. Crew conducted a total of 28 outreach and media engagements

The Ax-3 crew actively engaged with the global community through 28 media and outreach events. These interactions involved news outlets, government officials, organizations, and key stakeholders from their countries. Notably, nine of these engagements were dedicated to educating and inspiring hundreds of students worldwide.

Ax-3 and Expedition 70 crew joins for a farewell ceremony, solidifying the completion of months of preparation and weeks of important work conducted on the ISS.

11. SpaceX Dragon carrying the Ax-3 crew returned to Earth with 577 pounds of payloads and cargo

The Ax-3 crew returned to Earth, bringing with them a substantial 577 pounds of payloads and cargo. This included over 60lbs of research hardware and biological samples, each with its own potential to unlock new scientific discovery.

Among the returned payloads were ‘mini brains’ or neural organoids which could provide valuable insights into neurodegenerative diseases. Also included were samples from the crew, which will aid researchers in understanding changes in genetic and molecular activity associated with microgravity. This knowledge is crucial for understanding how the human body adapts to space.

The payloads contained ovarian cells, which could help illuminate hormonal effects on reproductive cycles. Specially designed suits that monitor astronaut physiology were also part of the haul, capable of enhancing crew health and safety during future space explorations.

In addition, plant seedlings were returned, which could reveal their stress responses, benefiting both Earth-based agriculture and potential “space farming” on Mars. Algal samples were included, with researchers now planning to investigate the genetic effects of spaceflight, which could contribute to the development of advanced environmental control systems for future spacecraft.

This diverse and significant collection of payloads promises to advance our understanding of space and its effects on various forms of life, paving the way for groundbreaking scientific and technological advancements.

The Dragon spacecraft awaits recovery in the Atlantic Ocean shortly after the Ax-3 crew’s return to Earth.

12. First time studying metastatic breast cancer organoids on ISS

Led by the Sanford Stem Cell Institute, the Ax-3 crew conducted a study on metastatic breast cancer (breast cancer that spread to other parts of the body), by investigating 3D structures called organoids — cancer organoids from patients with a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer flew for the first time on Ax-3. The research conducted during the mission showed that the organoids, which included a bone marrow component to model the immune system, tripled in size in microgravity compared to growth rates seen on the ground. The results from this project, which has previously flown on Ax-1, Ax-2, and now Ax-3, are helping to identify a cancer “kill switch” (an RNA-editing enzyme) that can prevent cancers from growing and multiplying. The suite of experiments on Axiom Space missions are testing drugs on orbit that are FDA-approved for cancer, as well as a new cancer drug that is under development.

The team plans expanded studies on upcoming Axiom Space missions to continue this important work to accelerate understanding of the cancer disease process and develop drugs that can be used to treat patients in need.

Ax-3 Pilot Walter Villadei completes important research to benefit humans on Earth.

13. ItAF conjunction warning system demonstrated on orbit for first time  

Developed by the Italian Air Force (ItAF), the ISOC system (Italian Space Operations Centre) provides an updated space object catalogue and state-of-the-art algorithms for detecting potential events such as collisions. This system was operated in space for the first time during the Ax-3 mission as a proof-of-concept demonstration, showcasing how the system could provide near real-time collision warnings with minimal Earth ground support or even autonomously. The Ax-3 crew also tested the capability to monitor solar activity and report onboard events related to space weather by means of the ISOC web portal.

Keeping Earth’s future in focus while maintaining humanity’s presence in space necessitates next-generation technology to ensure safety while orbiting approximately 254 miles above the planet.

14. Türkiye brought its agricultural endeavors to space

Advanced genetic editing techniques were applied to plants to explore how altering the plant’s stress responses could improve agricultural practices on Earth, in space, or on other terrestrial bodies.

Microalgae’s response to microgravity and hardware that can culture it in space could help develop new life support systems, food, and even fuel for future space exploration applications.

This work builds on previous microgravity investigations showing how microgravity affects the growth, movement and genetics of plants, and could provide valuable insights into plant adaptation to extreme environments and help develop more resilient crops for agriculture.

Ax-3 Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı grows future possibilities for life in LEO.

15. Research was conducted to better understand formation of proteins implicated in Alzheimer's disease

Beta amyloid proteins, implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease, were ‘activated’ for different lengths of time on orbit, allowing researchers to understand how microgravity affects the folding and aggregation of the proteins over time in ways not possible on Earth. This experiment, promoted by Italian Space Agency (ASI), could provide insight into the formation of these proteins in neurodegenerative disorders and offer new avenues for therapeutic development.

Ax-3 Pilot Walter Villadei works with the Minus Eighty-Degree Laboratory Freezer (MELFI) used to store research samples.

16. Progress made on understanding brain activity in space

During the Ax-3 mission, Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt documented his stress levels and stress recovery rate, tested his cognitive performance, and monitored his brain activity with a headcap that can record neural activity. Cortivision, the company that created the headcap, is developing innovative applications to analyze neural activity in space and on Earth using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).  Using the fNIRS cap aboard the ISS helps researchers better understand the impact of microgravity on brain activity and how to optimize human health and performance of astronauts on missions beyond Earth. 

Learn more about this Ax-3 study from Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low and Cortivision Chief Operating Officer Wojciech Broniatowski, here.

Ax-3 Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt wears the fNIRS cap to study his neural activity.

17. GiGi became a second-time flyer

Axiom Space and Build-A-Bear Workshop partnered for a second time to fly a furry fifth crew member alongside the Ax-3 astronauts. The teddy bear, named GiGi, took flight a second time, as the Ax-3 mission’s zero-gravity indicator wearing Axiom Space’s next-generation spacesuit. As the fifth crewmember of Ax-3, GiGi’s mission was to inspire children around the world to learn about space and consider careers in STEAM.  

Not only was Commander López-Alegría a second-time flyer in SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft, so was the Ax-3 zero-g indicator, GiGi.

18. Ax-3 represented important milestones for Italy, Türkiye, and Sweden

Ax-3 represented an important milestone for Türkiye as the nation commemorated the centennial anniversary of the Turkish Republic on October 29, 2023. On March 28, 2023, the Italian Air Force celebrated its centennial anniversary as one of the oldest air forces in the world.  

Sweden celebrated five centuries as an independent nation on June 6, 2023. Marcus Wandt became the second Swedish ESA astronaut in history to fly to the space station, embodying opportunity and freedom to explore the unknown.

The Ax-3 astronauts share excitement as they prepared to embark on their journey to space.

Decoding Astronaut Numbers

Embarking on the path to becoming an astronaut requires perseverance, dedication, and a significant investment of time. It involves extensive training and preparation that can span several months to years. However, the official recognition as an astronaut and the assignment of an astronaut number is a process that varies across different organizations. Each entity has its distinct criteria and procedures for designating someone as an astronaut and assigning them a number.

NASA has its own unique criteria for designating astronauts. Over the years, NASA has selected a total of 360 people to train as astronaut candidates for its space missions. These candidates are chosen through a meticulous selection process, which includes a review of qualifications, interviews, and medical examinations. Once selected, these individuals become part of the astronaut class and are assigned their official astronaut numbers once they reach space.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also designates individuals as astronauts. To be awarded wings by the FAA, an astronaut must be employed by the company managing the launch and must have undergone training to be certified by the FAA as an astronaut. Additionally, they must have flown higher than 80 kilometers and demonstrated activities during flight that were essential to public safety or contributed to human spaceflight safety.

Transcending the Kármán line is a fundamental prerequisite for an individual to be officially designated as an astronaut. The Kármán line acts as a boundary in Earth’s atmosphere, distinguishing between space missions and aeronautical endeavors. This boundary is established by the international record-keeping entity, Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), at an altitude of 100 kilometers (around 62 miles) above the mean sea level.

Upon crossing the Kármán line, an individual is formally accorded the title of astronaut. Notably, the United States employs a slightly different criterion, conferring the astronaut title to anyone who has surpassed an 80-kilometer boundary. This discrepancy becomes increasingly significant as we step into the era of private space travel. NASA, along with other U.S. organizations such as the FAA and the U.S. Air Force, generally uses a boundary 80 kilometers above Earth’s surface to officially recognize someone as an astronaut, which is slightly lower than the Kármán line.

On Jan. 20, Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) Commander Michael López-Alegría awarded his fellow crewmates with the official astronaut pin, marking the crew’s formal commencement of becoming astronauts. López-Alegría presented his crewmates with their official astronaut pins, declaring Villadei to be the 666th, Gezeravcı the 676th and Wandt the 677th to go to space. According to NASA, López-Alegría was assigned astronaut number 341 during the STS-73 mission, which launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia on Oct. 20, 1995. These numbers represent, in order, every person who has ever traveled to space.

Villadei became number 666 to account for his Virgin Galactic flight on Jun. 29, 2023 —this number includes the 11 new astronauts who traveled 80 kilometers above Earth’s surface between Villadei’s Virgin Galactic flight on Jun. 29, 2023, and the Ax-3 crew’s launch to the ISS on Jan. 18, 2024.

In addition, the Association of Space Explorers (ASE) is an international organization that brings together astronauts and cosmonauts from around the world, with a membership of over 400 individuals from 38 countries who have journeyed into space. A significant project of ASE is the upkeep of its comprehensive Registry of Space Travelers. This list is a record of everyone who has ever traveled to space and is continually updated as new individuals embark on space missions.

ASE has a Universal Astronaut Insignia, representing both suborbital and orbital missions. Astronauts receive a pin and are assigned a number to reflect if they completed a suborbital or orbital flight around the Earth. On the pin, the upward and downward chevrons, topped with a star of five points, signify the voyage to space and the subsequent return to our planet. The addition of a circular band denotes the accomplishment of an orbital flight.

ASE assigned Villadei with two astronaut numbers to represent his suborbital Virgin Galactic flight, number 60, and his orbital flight on Ax-3, number 609. During Ax-3, ASE assigned Gezeravcı number 610 and Wandt 611. During the STS-73 mission, López-Alegría became number 334, representing the orbital flight, in ASE’s Registry of Space Travelers.

Credit: Association of Space Explorers

ASE’s assignment of unique flight numbers to each astronaut is vital for maintaining an exhaustive and precise record of human spaceflight. It serves as an effective tool for organizing and referencing the extensive data associated with space exploration and is important for maintaining the historical record of human achievements in space.

Following the successful completion of the Ax-3 mission and their safe return to Earth, the Ax-3 crew was honored and recognized in a ceremonial pinning event. Here, they were awarded official astronaut wings, each adorned with their unique orbital flight numbers: López-Alegría (334), Villadei (609), Gezeravcı (610), and Wandt (611). This ceremony served as a fitting tribute to their remarkable journey and accomplishments during the Ax-3 mission.

The number an individual earns when becoming an astronaut serves as a testament to their hard work, dedication, scientific contributions, and pivotal role in propelling human space exploration. The Ax-3 astronauts have etched their names in the records of history, forever symbolizing a significant milestone in the era of commercial spaceflight. Their achievements will continue to inspire and illuminate the path for future missions.

Watch the Ax-3 Crew Return Press Conference

Ax-3 Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt (Left). Pilot Walter Villadei, Commander Michael López-Alegría, Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı (Right)

Following their return to Earth after spending nearly 22 days in space and 18 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS), the astronauts of Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) shared their unique experiences and insights during a press conference on Feb. 27. During the event, the Ax-3 crew highlighted the achievements of the first all-European commercial astronaut mission to the ISS.

In an historic venture, three countries — Italy, Türkiye, and Sweden with support from the European Space Agency (ESA) — united for Ax-3 as the first commercial spaceflight mission made up of government and ESA-sponsored national astronauts. The Ax-3 crew includes Commander Michael López-Alegría (U.S. and Spain), Pilot Walter Villadei (Italian Air Force), and Mission Specialists Alper Gezeravcı (Türkiye) and Marcus Wandt (Sweden and ESA).  

Watch the press conference below.

Axiom Space Astronaut Missions are Building Human Experience, Opportunity in LEO

Axiom Mission 1 crew (left), Axiom Mission 2 crew (top right), Axiom Mission 3 crew (bottom right)

Axiom Space’s inaugural trio of commercial space missions to the International Space Station (ISS) are a shining example of global progress, international collaboration, and the beginning of the LEO economy in space. These missions have showcased the diverse potential of human spaceflight in the age of commercial space exploration, with crews representing eight different nations, and, for the first time on Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3), the European Space Agency (ESA). Over the course of these missions, crewmembers completed over 75 outreach engagements and media events and conducted over 105 research-related activities with more than 50 research partners from around the world.

The first three Axiom Space missions to the ISS included astronauts from the U.S., Spain, Israel, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Italy, Türkiye, and Sweden with the support of ESA. In addition, Axiom Space signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with ESA and the UK Space Agency last year, setting the stage for future commercial opportunities in human spaceflight.

"As the commercial space industry's only full-service orbital mission provider, Axiom Space is deeply invested in making space more accessible and affordable,” said Tejpaul Bhatia, Chief Revenue Officer, Axiom Space . “Our mission, fueled by our own investments, is opening up low-Earth orbit to both national and private astronauts, and is developing sustainable business models that mitigate the current high costs of human spaceflight. Despite the complexities of those costs, our efforts are grounded in strategic collaborations that not only help determine pricing but also foster innovation and meaningful science in microgravity.

“The journey to space, currently priced in the mid-$60-million range per seat for a 10-day mission, is part of our broader vision to transform LEO into a global marketplace of discovery and innovation,” explained Bhatia. “While the future market dynamics are uncertain, our dedication remains fixed on creating value by expanding access and supporting cutting-edge research that has the potential to enhance life on Earth and beyond. At Axiom Space, we're doing much more than executing missions on board the ISS; we're building the economic foundation for a future where space is open for business, promising benefits for all of humanity."

Each Axiom Space astronaut mission lays the groundwork for the on-orbit construction and operation of Axiom Station, the world’s first commercial space station, which is poised to serve customers around the world. These missions are a pathway to developing the essential skills and integration needed to spearhead human spaceflight activities in LEO. The missions also foster important international relationships, with traditional and non-traditional industries, which will broaden the range of opportunities and develop new markets.

MEDIA ADVISORY: Axiom Space to Hold Ax-3 Crew Press Conference Following Return from Space Station

Following their return to Earth after spending nearly 22 days in space and 18 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS), the astronauts of Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) are set to share their unique experiences and insights during a press conference on Feb. 27, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. CT. This event will highlight the achievements of the first all-European commercial astronaut mission to the ISS.

In an historic venture, three countries — Italy, Türkiye, and Sweden through the European Space Agency (ESA) — united for Ax-3 as the first commercial spaceflight mission made up of government and ESA-sponsored national astronauts. The Ax-3 crew includes Commander Michael López-Alegría (U.S. and Spain), Pilot Walter Villadei (Italian Air Force), and Mission Specialists Alper Gezeravcı (Türkiye) and Marcus Wandt (Sweden and ESA).

During the mission, the Ax-3 crew lived and worked aboard the orbiting laboratory conducting 54 different experiments and 28 media and outreach engagements. In addition, data collected on the ground before and after the mission as well as on orbit will improve understanding of human physiology on Earth and in microgravity. This human research will help prepare for longer-duration missions off the planet.

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launched the Ax-3 crew aboard a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft to the ISS from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Jan. 18 at 3:49 p.m. CT. After undocking from the ISS on Feb. 7, the Ax-3 crew safely splashed down off the coast of Florida on Feb. 9 at 7:30 a.m. CT.

AX-3 CREW RETURN PRESS CONFERENCE
Tuesday, Feb. 27 at 10:00am CT

Participants include:

• Michael López-Alegría, Ax-3 Commander, Axiom Space, U.S. and Spain

• Walter Villadei, Ax-3 Pilot, Italian Air Force

• Alper Gezeravcı, Ax-3 Mission Specialist, Türkiye

• Marcus Wandt, Ax-3 Mission Specialist, ESA/Sweden

Media must register to participate and RSVP by 12:00pm CT on Feb. 26. After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the press conference.

Register here for the Ax-3 crew return press conference: https://axiomspace.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_1prafxstT8WkCDk72IlREA

Axiom Space Joins Space Industry Leaders at the House Science Space and Technology Committee Hearing

Today, Dr. Mary Lynne Dittmar, Chief Government and External Relations Officer of Axiom Space, testified in a critical hearing in front of the House Science Space and Technology Committee – “ISS and Beyond: The Present and Future of American Low-Earth Orbit Activities” – to address the importance of the United States maintaining a continuous human presence in low-Earth orbit.

Watch the testimony here and read the written testimony of Dr. Dittmar here.

Axiom Space Announces Key Milestone with Artist, Photographer Satoshi Takamatsu

Axiom Space has taken a significant step forward in its collaboration with an artist and photographer Satoshi Takamatsu, representing art collective “WE,” signing an agreement to reserve him a seat on a future long-duration human spaceflight mission.

(Left to right) Tejpaul Bhatia, Axiom Space Chief Revenue Office and Satoshi Takamatsu, representing art collective “WE”. (Credit: Axiom Space)

The reservation came with a personal deposit and a commitment from Takamatsu to raise the additional funds needed to secure his seat with commercial support from key industry partners. As part of the agreement, Takamatsu plans to focus his contributions to the mission on the arts – photography to be exact.  

"The progress made by photography, videography, and Virtual Reality (VR) technology makes it possible to replicate reality,” said Takamatsu. “It is now possible to shoot and reproduce imagery with standards that go beyond the limitations of the human eye. In this mission, I envision shooting the Earth in three different ways – 300 megapixels for still photography, 24K for videography, and 360 VR videography for HMD beyond 60PPD. In addition, these images could be upscaled to super-resolution using AI-based technology.

"Besides resolution,” he added, “we also need to look at dynamic range, frame rate, color range, and depth to recreate an amount of visual data that is as close to reality as possible."

Takamatsu’s reservation not only signifies a potential shift from STEM- to STEAM-focused on-orbit missions but also how private astronauts can shed new light on the world from space with a sharper focus and a different perspective.

"People's minds change when they look back at this planet from space,” explained Takamatsu. “They look beyond nationality, ethnicity, or religion. They intuit the importance of sustainability and hope for peace on Earth. This phenomenon is called the ‘Overview Effect.’ Out of the millions of photographs and videos taken of Earth from Space, none of them have truly been able to replicate this ‘Overview Effect,’ as there has never been a mission designed with that objective in mind. This is the gift I wish to give to humanity."

Tejpaul Bhatia, Axiom Space Chief Revenue Officer, offered that Axiom Space is looking forward to working with Satoshi on a future mission. He said, “With this agreement as the initial foundation, we will work together to build a comprehensive mission plan that supports an imagery-centered commercial astronaut effort on orbit for the benefit of all.”

About Axiom Space
Axiom Space is building for beyond, guided by the vision of a thriving home in space that benefits every human, everywhere. The leading provider of human spaceflight services and developer of human-rated space infrastructure, Axiom Space operates end-to-end missions to the International Space Station today while developing its successor, Axiom Station – the world’s first commercial space station in low-Earth orbit, which will sustain human growth off the planet and bring untold benefits back home. For more information about Axiom Space, visit www.axiomspace.com.

About Satoshi Takamatsu

Born in 1963, artist and photographer. After graduating from the School of Science and Engineering at the University of Tsukuba, Takamatsu joined Dentsu, the largest advertising agency in Japan. In 2005, he founded GROUD, a creative agency, and became CEO and Chief Creative Officer. Takamatsu has won many international advertising awards, including Gold Lions at the Cannes Advertising Festival. In 2002, he organized public viewings of the World Cup at the Tokyo National Stadium, the first of its kind to be officially endorsed by FIFA. He was also the first in the world to organize the filming of a TV commercial on the International Space Station for a Japanese beverage brand in 2001. Other commercials filmed in space include "No Borders," with an anti-war theme, and "Freedom," with themes of planetary sustainability and opposition to a future-controlled society, both for the Cup Noodles brand. Although they were product advertisements, these works conveyed strong social messages. Takamatsu announced his retirement from the advertising industry in 2015. He then spent eight months in Star City, Russia, undergoing cosmonaut training. He is currently a representative of Space Films and works as a photographer and artist. In 2014, Takamatsu presented his works at the exhibition "Mission [SPACE x ART] - Beyond Cosmologies" at the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo.  In 2020, he organized his personal exhibition "Failure". In 2022, he founded an art collective WE for the space project. For more information, please contact WE PR team at: we-pr@vectorinc.co.jp

Ax-3 Astronauts Splashdown, Completing First All-European Commercial Astronaut Mission to ISS

A SpaceX Dragon spacecraft carrying the Ax-3 crew splashed down off the coast of Daytona, FL on Feb. 9.

After undocking from the International Space Station (ISS) on Wednesday, Feb. 7, the Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) crew safely splashed down off the coast of Florida aboard a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft at 8:30 a.m. ET on Feb. 9, 2024. The Ax-3 crew’s return officially concludes the first all-European commercial astronaut mission and Axiom Space’s third crewed mission to the ISS.

The Ax-3 crewmembers include Commander Michael López-Alegría of the U.S. and Spain, Pilot Walter Villadei of the Italian Air Force, and Mission Specialists Alper Gezeravcı of Türkiye and Marcus Wandt of Sweden and the European Space Agency (ESA).

“The successful return of our Ax-3 astronauts signifies more than just the completion of a human spaceflight mission; it marks a pivotal moment in commercial space exploration and significant milestone for Europe’s pursuits in low-Earth orbit,” said Axiom Space CEO Michael Suffredini. “Axiom Space’s first three commercial missions to the ISS are a testament to international advancement in space, with diverse crews representing eight nations, as well as — for the first time on Ax-3 — the European Space Agency. The success of these missions is an important step along our journey toward Axiom Station, underscoring our continuous efforts to expand access to low-Earth orbit.”

Ax-3 crewmembers Marcus Wandt (left), Walter Villadei, Micheal López Alegrīa, and Alper Gezeravcı (right) wave hello after the Dragon hatch opened on Recovery boat Shannon.

During their 18-day mission docked to the ISS, the Ax-3 crew lived and worked aboard the orbiting laboratory conducting more than 30 different experiments and more than 50 outreach engagements. Human research data collected on the ground before and after the mission, as well as in flight, will improve understanding of human physiology on Earth and in microgravity.

Ax-3 demonstrates that the European community of space-faring nations are pioneers in the burgeoning commercial space industry. The crew and the governments they represent are taking bold steps into a new era of leadership in low-Earth orbit.

Ax-3 celebrates many firsts: it was the first commercial spaceflight mission comprised of government and ESA-sponsored national astronauts; Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı became the first-ever Turkish astronaut; and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt was the first ESA project astronaut to fly on a commercial space mission.

Ax-3 is the third in a series of proposed Axiom Space human spaceflight missions, marking a critical milestone toward the realization of Axiom Station — the world’s first commercial space station.

Axiom Space is playing an important role in offering human spaceflight opportunities to the larger international community. These missions are enabling governments, individuals, researchers, academic institutions, and organizations across the world to conduct comprehensive scientific research, technology demonstrations, and outreach engagements in the unique environment of microgravity.

Axiom Space’s first three missions to the ISS included crewmembers from the U.S., Spain, Israel, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Italy, Türkiye, and Sweden, with the support of ESA. In addition, last year, Axiom Space signed an MOU with ESA and the UK Space Agency to explore future human spaceflight opportunities.

Axiom Space plans to launch its fourth mission, Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4), to the ISS no earlier than October 2024 from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. 

Ax-3 Mission Update Flight Day #22

Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) Commander Michael López-Alegría, Pilot Walter Villadei, Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı, and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt are homebound! 

After approximately 435 hours, 18 days, and 288 orbits around Earth covering around 7.6 million miles, the Ax-3 astronauts’ time aboard the space station came to an end. Yesterday, the crew undocked from the International Space Station at 9:20 a.m. ET to begin their journey home, carrying with them a lifetime of unforgettable memories and invaluable scientific data.

After a 47-hour journey back to Earth, the astronauts are targeted to splashdown off the coast of Florida tomorrow around 8:30 a.m. ET, with coverage beginning at 7:25 a.m. ET. Updates and details on splashdown can be found here.

Ax-3 celebrates many firsts: it was the first commercial spaceflight mission comprised of government and ESA-sponsored national astronauts; Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı became the first-ever Turkish astronaut; and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt was the first ESA project astronaut to fly on a commercial space mission.

Ax-3 is the third in a series of proposed Axiom Space human spaceflight missions, marking a critical milestone toward the realization of Axiom Station — the world’s first commercial space station.

Ax-3 Mission Update Flight Day #21

After 18 days docked to the International Space Station (ISS), completing about 288 orbits around the Earth, Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) Commander Michael López-Alegría, Pilot Walter Villadei, Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı, and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt are homebound!

Aboard a SpaceX Dragon, the Ax-3 crew undocked from the ISS early this morning at 9:20 a.m. ET to begin their 47-hour journey back to Earth. The astronauts are targeted to splashdown off the coast of Florida on Feb. 9 around 8:30 a.m. ET, with coverage beginning at 7:25 a.m. ET. Updates and details on splashdown can be found here.

During the mission, the Ax-3 astronauts successfully completed a total of 56 research activities — to include 39 conducted aboard the space station — focusing on life, physical and Earth science, as well as human research and technology demonstrations. The crew also conducted 28 media and outreach engagements with news outlets, government officials, organizations, and important stakeholders from their countries. Of those, nine engagements focused on educating and inspiring hundreds of students from around the world.

Prior to departing from the ISS, MLA participated in a final mission update and answered questions from Axiom Space employees and young children eager to hear about the crew’s experience aboard the space station and journey in space. Click here to watch.

Ax-3 Mission Update Flight Day #20

Crew Status

Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) Commander Michael López-Alegría, Pilot Walter Villadei, Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı, and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt have been on the International Space Station (ISS) for 17 full days. 

Ax-3 is targeted to undock from the ISS no earlier than Wednesday, Feb. 7 at 9:05 a.m. ET pending weather at the splashdown locations. Updates on crew return coverage can be found here. 

As the Ax-3 crew waits to depart from the space station, they dedicated time to recording videos for outreach engagements and captured payload imagery. They also gathered more data for their research projects. 

Research

Villadei completed the Italian Space Operations Centre (ISOC) technology demonstration. The ISOC system provides an updated space object catalogue with state-of-the-art algorithms to detect space-related events (such as collisions). The ISOC was operated in space for the first time during the Ax-3 mission.

In addition, Villadei prepared Barilla Ready Made Pasta and then completed a final questionnaire to develop a broader range of tasty foods in space for future space explorers.

Wandt took photos in the cupola for the Thor-Davis project, which investigates lightning activity at the top of thunderstorm clouds. He completed another Orbital Architecture assessment with the fNIRS headcap to document his cognitive performance, stress levels, and stress recovery rate. And he also wore the Bone Health Actibelt Beltware throughout the day and downlinked data to study protracted bone loss after short-duration spaceflight. 

Outreach

Villadei recorded an outreach video discussing the importance of space exploration and Italy's role in space. Villadei and Gezeravcı also recorded videos on how to brush your teeth in space.

Ax-3 Mission Update Flight Day #19

Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) Commander Michael López-Alegría, Pilot Walter Villadei, Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı, and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt have now been on the International Space Station (ISS) for 16 full days. 

Ax-3 is now targeted to undock from the ISS no earlier than Tuesday, February 6 at 8:05 a.m. CT. Mission managers from Axiom Space, SpaceX, and NASA are continuing to monitor weather conditions at the splashdown site off the coast of Florida. Updates on crew return coverage can be found here.  

MLA transferred the emergency equipment out of Dragon and placed it back into the ISS. He also transferred the POLAR refrigerator, Microgravity Experiment Research Locker Incubator (MERLIN) cold stowage, and Nitrogen Oxygen Recharge System (NORS) tank into Dragon to prepare for undocking.

Villadei, Gezeravcı, and Wandt transferred cargo into Dragon to complete packing for undocking. 

MLA supported Gezeravcı in filming an additional video for a documentary, which will highlight the first Turkish astronaut. 

Villadei and Gezeravcı also recorded a video on daily activities aboard the space station.

Finally, after the mission, Villadei and MLA will have completed the Italian Air Force-led Endothelial Function experiment. The crew trained on-ground and pre-flight to gather ultrasound acquisitions and blood draws, which will be compared with those taken before launch and after re-entry. This will add a new layer of knowledge about the interaction between humans and the microgravity environment. It will offer a better understanding of the physiology of endothelium dysfunction, as a preclinical marker of future cardiovascular disease and as an indicator of artery health in long-duration space missions.

Ax-3 Mission Update Flight Day #18

Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) Commander Michael López-Alegría, Pilot Walter Villadei, Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı, and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt have now been on the International Space Station (ISS) for 15 full days. The crew had another off-duty day as they await departure from the space station. The astronauts had conferences with their family and some personal time to capture on-orbit imagery. 

Ax-3 is now targeted to undock from the ISS no earlier than Tuesday, February 6, at 8:05 a.m. CT. Mission managers from Axiom Space, SpaceX, and NASA are continuing to monitor weather conditions at the splashdown site off the coast of Florida. Updates on crew return coverage can be found here.

Ax-3 Mission Update Flight Day #17

Crew Status

Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) crew Commander Michael López-Alegría, Pilot Walter Villadei, Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı, and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt have now been on the International Space Station (ISS) for 14 full days. Unfavorable weather prevented the crew’s undocking and return to Earth earlier today, so they enjoyed some time off duty.

Ax-3 is now targeted to undock from the ISS no earlier than Tuesday, Feb. 6. Mission managers from Axiom Space, SpaceX, and NASA are continuing to monitor weather conditions at the splashdown site off the coast of Florida. Updates on crew return coverage can be found here when dates and times are confirmed.

Ax-3 Mission Update Flight Day #16

Crew Status

Today, Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) Commander Michael López-Alegría, Pilot Walter Villadei, Mission Specialist Alper Gezeravcı, and Mission Specialist Marcus Wandt completed their thirteenth full day (flight day 16) on the International Space Station (ISS).

Highlights of the Day

The Ax-3 crew is preparing for their departure from the ISS and focused on readying the Dragon for return to Earth, as well as tending to housekeeping activities to clean up after their two-week stay. As for packing, the crew is collecting payloads, hardware, and personal items. The crew also completed a departure conference with Axiom Space, NASA, and SpaceX on upcoming dynamic operations for undocking. 

The Ax-3 astronauts are scheduled to undock no earlier than Feb. 3 at 6:05 a.m. ET from the forward-facing port of the station’s Harmony module to begin the journey home in a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft and splashdown off the coast of Florida. Mission managers from Axiom Space, SpaceX, and NASA are monitoring weather conditions at the splashdown site off the coast of Florida. Click here for updates on crew return coverage.

Research

MLA transferred emergency equipment from the Dragon back into the ISS. He also uninstalled the Polar and Microgravity Experiment Research Locker Incubator (MERLIN) from the ISS Express Rack and installed them in Dragon. 

Wandt completed the final Orbital Architecture assessments with the fNIRS headcap to document his cognitive performance, stress levels, and stress recovery rate.

The Ax-3 crew successfully completed more than 30 research projects during their time on the ISS, to include the first time studying metastatic breast cancer organoids and first demonstration of conjunction analysis software for tracking space debris from the ISS.

Media

The Ax-3 crew was joined by the NASA Expedition 70 crew for a farewell ceremony. Watch the event below.

MEDIA ADVISORY: Watch Coverage of Ax-3 Crew Departure from Space Station

Updated: February 7, 2023, 1:27 p.m. ET

Axiom Space, NASA, and SpaceX will provide live joint coverage of the undocking and departure of the Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3) astronauts from the International Space Station (ISS) before the crew returns to Earth.

Coverage of the Ax-3 return will include three separate segments — hatch closure, undocking, and splashdown. All segments will be available at AxiomSpace.com.  

Mission teams will monitor weather at the possible splashdown sites prior to undocking to ensure conditions are acceptable for a safe recovery of the spacecraft and Ax-3 astronauts.

Ax-3 crewmembers Commander Michael López-Alegría, Pilot Walter Villadei, and Mission Specialists Alper Gezeravcı and Marcus Wandt will have spent 18 days docked to the ISS and 20 total days of spaceflight once they return to Earth. During their time aboard the space station, the Ax-3 crew conducted a diverse array of over 30 experiments, spanning various fields of biology and technology, and participated in over 50 outreach engagements.

Undocking and departure coverage for Ax-3 is as follows (all times Eastern and subject to change based on operations).

Wednesday, Feb. 7
7:00 a.m. ET – Coverage for hatch closure begins (Axiom Space, NASA)
7:25 a.m. ET – Hatch closure
9:00 a.m. ET – Undocking coverage begins (Axiom Space, NASA, SpaceX)
9:20 a.m. ET – Undocking

Friday, Feb. 9
7:25 a.m. ET – Coverage for splashdown begins (Axiom Space, SpaceX)
8:30 a.m. ET – Splashdown

Follow along for mission updates with #Ax3 on X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, Facebook, and on our website.